1. When we modeled the process of protein synthesis, we had learned that there were a few steps to make a protein. The first step was to make a copy of the original DNA, and use that as a template. The next part was to use that template to make a copy that would be translated into RNA. Third Step would to leave the Nucleus, enter the cytoplasm, and bind to a ribosome. The fourth step is to read the first three bases or codons, and build amino acids that correspond to that codon. The last step is to bound up the amino acids, finish translating, and build the protein with the amino acids.
2. The effects of changing bases are different depending on what they changed. For example, substitution only ended up doing silent mutations in the lab, while the others drastically changed the code. The ones that did the most damage were the ones that added or removed the bases, while the ones that substitute barely did any damage. The damage does more if the mutation were to occur earlier on the code, rather than near the end.
3. I chose the mutation that added to the code, and placed it near the start of the code. This mutation does large damage, since like removing, changes the code. Also, the placement is crucial, since placing it near the start of the code maximizes the damage done.
4. Mutations could cause malfunctions in the body, or in critical points where the body needs to live. It could either kill the person, cripple the person badly, or just deal no harm at all. An example of a beneficial mutation is the Somatic mutation, where the genes make copies of itself, till at one point, the body would have mostly the mutated genes. These genes are harmless near the beginning, but could cause major damage if left unchecked.
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